LATEST 312-50V13 TEST PREPARATION | 312-50V13 REAL SHEETS

Latest 312-50v13 Test Preparation | 312-50v13 Real Sheets

Latest 312-50v13 Test Preparation | 312-50v13 Real Sheets

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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q442-Q447):

NEW QUESTION # 442
After an audit, the auditors Inform you that there is a critical finding that you must tackle Immediately. You read the audit report, and the problem is the service running on port 389. Which service Is this and how can you tackle the problem?

  • A. The service is SMTP, and you must change it to SMIME. which is an encrypted way to send emails.
  • B. The service is LDAP. and you must change it to 636. which is LDPAPS.
  • C. The findings do not require immediate actions and are only suggestions.
  • D. The service is NTP. and you have to change It from UDP to TCP in order to encrypt it

Answer: B

Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol
LDAP, the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, is a mature, flexible, and well supported standards-based mechanism for interacting with directory servers. It's often used for authentication and storing information about users, groups, and applications, but an LDAP directory server is a fairly general-purpose data store and can be used in a wide variety of applications.
The LDAP protocol can deal in quite a bit of sensitive data: Active Directory usernames, login attempts, failed-login notifications, and more. If attackers get ahold of that data in flight, they might be able to compromise data like legitimate AD credentials and use it to poke around your network in search of valuable assets.
Encrypting LDAP traffic in flight across the network can help prevent credential theft and other malicious activity, but it's not a failsafe-and if traffic is encrypted, your own team might miss the signs of an attempted attack in progress.
While LDAP encryption isn't standard, there is a nonstandard version of LDAP called Secure LDAP, also known as "LDAPS" or "LDAP over SSL" (SSL, or Secure Socket Layer, being the now-deprecated ancestor of Transport Layer Security).
LDAPS uses its own distinct network port to connect clients and servers. The default port for LDAP is port
389, but LDAPS uses port 636 and establishes TLS/SSL upon connecting with a client.


NEW QUESTION # 443
Your network infrastructure is under a SYN flood attack. The attacker has crafted an automated botnet to simultaneously send 's' SYN packets per second to the server. You have put measures in place to manage 'f SYN packets per second, and the system is designed to deal with this number without any performance issues.
If 's' exceeds 'f', the network infrastructure begins to show signs of overload. The system's response time increases exponentially (24k), where 'k' represents each additional SYN packet above the ff limit. Now, considering 's=500' and different 'f values, in which scenario is the server most likely to experience overload and significantly increased response times?

  • A. f=420: The server can handle 490 SYN packets per second. With 's' exceeding 'f by 10, the response time shoots up (2410 = 1024 times the usual response time), indicating a system overload
  • B. f=S05: The server can handle 505 SYN packets per second. In this case, the response time increases but not as drastically (245 = 32 times the normal), and the systern might still function, albeit slowly
  • C. f=495: The server can handle 495 SYN packets per second. The response time drastically rises (245 =
    32 times the normal), indicating a probable system overload
  • D. f=510: The server can handle 510 SYN packets per second, which is greater than what the attacker is sending. The system stays stable, and the response time remains unaffected

Answer: A

Explanation:
A SYN flood attack is a type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack that exploits the TCP handshake process by sending a large number of SYN requests to the target server, without completing the connection. This consumes the connection state tables on the server, preventing it from accepting new connections. The attacker has crafted an automated botnet to simultaneously send 's' SYN packets per second to the server. The server can handle 'f' SYN packets per second without any performance issues. If 's' exceeds 'f', the network infrastructure begins to show signs of overload. The system's response time increases exponentially (24k), where 'k' represents each additional SYN packet above the 'f' limit.
Considering 's=500' and different 'f' values, the scenario that is most likely to cause the server to experience overload and significantly increased response times is the one where 'f=420'. This is because 's' is greater than 'f' by 80 packets per second, which means the server cannot handle the incoming traffic and will eventually run out of resources. The response time shoots up (2480 = 281,474,976,710,656 times the normal response time), indicating a system overload.
The other scenarios are less likely or less severe than the one where 'f=420'. Option A has 'f=510', which is greater than 's', so the system stays stable and the response time remains unaffected. Option B has 'f=495', which is less than 's' by 5 packets per second, so the response time drastically rises (245 = 32 times the normal response time), indicating a probable system overload, but not as extreme as option D. Option C has
'f=505', which is less than 's' by 5 packets per second, so the response time increases but not as drastically (245 = 32 times the normal response time), and the system might still function, albeit slowly. References:
* SYN flood DDoS attack | Cloudflare
* SYN flood - Wikipedia
* What Is a SYN Flood Attack? | F5
* What is a SYN flood attack and how to prevent it? | NETSCOUT


NEW QUESTION # 444
You are an ethical hacker tasked with conducting an enumeration of a company's network. Given a Windows system with NetBIOS enabled, port 139 open, and file and printer sharing active, you are about to run some nbtstat commands to enumerate NetBIOS names. The company uses |Pv6 for its network. Which of the following actions should you take next?

  • A. use nbtstat -a followed by the IPv6 address of the target machine
  • B. Switch to an enumeration tool that supports IPv6
  • C. Use nbtstat -c to get the contents of the NetBIOS name cache
  • D. Utilize Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE) for NetBIOS enumeration

Answer: B

Explanation:
The nbtstat command is a Windows utility that displays NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) protocol statistics, NetBIOS name tables, and the NetBIOS name cache. However, the nbtstat command does not support IPv6 addresses, which are the standard format for the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). Therefore, using the nbtstat command with IPv6 addresses will result in an error message or no output. To enumerate NetBIOS names on a network that uses IPv6, you should switch to an enumeration tool that supports IPv6, such as Nmap, which is a network scanning and security auditing tool. Nmap has a scripting engine (NSE) that allows users to write and execute scripts for various network tasks, including NetBIOS enumeration. Nmap can also detect the operating system, services, and vulnerabilities of the target machines, regardless of the IP version they use. References:
* Nbtstat Command - Computer Hope
* Nbtstat CMD: Windows Network Command Line Prompt
* [Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE) Documentation]


NEW QUESTION # 445
Under what conditions does a secondary name server request a zone transfer from a primary name server?

  • A. When a primary name server has had its service restarted
  • B. When the TTL falls to zero
  • C. When a primary SOA is higher that a secondary SOA
  • D. When a secondary name server has had its service restarted
  • E. When a secondary SOA is higher that a primary SOA

Answer: C


NEW QUESTION # 446
Samuel a security administrator, is assessing the configuration of a web server. He noticed that the server permits SSlv2 connections, and the same private key certificate is used on a different server that allows SSLv2 connections. This vulnerability makes the web server vulnerable to attacks as the SSLv2 server can leak key information.
Which of the following attacks can be performed by exploiting the above vulnerability?

  • A. Side-channel attack
  • B. DROWN attack
  • C. Padding oracle attack
  • D. DUHK attack

Answer: B

Explanation:
DROWN is a serious vulnerability that affects HTTPS and other services that deem SSL and TLS, some of the essential cryptographic protocols for net security. These protocols allow everyone on the net to browse the net, use email, look on-line, and send instant messages while not third-parties being able to browse the communication.
DROWN allows attackers to break the encryption and read or steal sensitive communications, as well as passwords, credit card numbers, trade secrets, or financial data. At the time of public disclosure on March
2016, our measurements indicated thirty third of all HTTPS servers were vulnerable to the attack. fortuitously, the vulnerability is much less prevalent currently. As of 2019, SSL Labs estimates that one.2% of HTTPS servers are vulnerable.
What will the attackers gain?Any communication between users and the server. This typically includes, however isn't limited to, usernames and passwords, credit card numbers, emails, instant messages, and sensitive documents. under some common scenarios, an attacker can also impersonate a secure web site and intercept or change the content the user sees.
Who is vulnerable?Websites, mail servers, and other TLS-dependent services are in danger for the DROWN attack. At the time of public disclosure, many popular sites were affected. we used Internet-wide scanning to live how many sites are vulnerable:

SSLv2
Operators of vulnerable servers got to take action. there's nothing practical that browsers or end-users will do on their own to protect against this attack.
Is my site vulnerable?Modern servers and shoppers use the TLS encryption protocol. However, because of misconfigurations, several servers also still support SSLv2, a 1990s-era precursor to TLS. This support did not matter in practice, since no up-to-date clients really use SSLv2. Therefore, despite the fact that SSLv2 is thought to be badly insecure, until now, simply supporting SSLv2 wasn't thought of a security problem, is a clients never used it.
DROWN shows that merely supporting SSLv2 may be a threat to fashionable servers and clients. It modern associate degree attacker to modern fashionable TLS connections between up-to-date clients and servers by sending probes to a server that supports SSLv2 and uses the same private key.

SSLv2
* It allows SSLv2 connections. This is surprisingly common, due to misconfiguration and inappropriate default settings.
* Its private key is used on any other serverthat allows SSLv2 connections, even for another protocol.
Many companies reuse the same certificate and key on their web and email servers, for instance. In this case, if the email server supports SSLv2 and the web server does not, an attacker can take advantage of the email server to break TLS connections to the web server.
A server is vulnerable to DROWN if:SSLv2
How do I protect my server?To protect against DROWN, server operators need to ensure that their private keys software used anyplace with server computer code that enables SSLv2 connections. This includes net servers, SMTP servers, IMAP and POP servers, and the other software that supports SSL/TLS.
Disabling SSLv2 is difficult and depends on the particular server software. we offer instructions here for many common products:
OpenSSL: OpenSSL may be a science library employed in several server merchandise. For users of OpenSSL, the simplest and recommended solution is to upgrade to a recent OpenSSL version. OpenSSL 1.0.2 users ought to upgrade to 1.0.2g. OpenSSL 1.0.1 users ought to upgrade to one.0.1s. Users of older OpenSSL versions ought to upgrade to either one in every of these versions. (Updated March thirteenth, 16:00 UTC) Microsoft IIS (Windows Server): Support for SSLv2 on the server aspect is enabled by default only on the OS versions that correspond to IIS 7.0 and IIS seven.5, particularly Windows scene, Windows Server 2008, Windows seven and Windows Server 2008R2. This support is disabled within the appropriate SSLv2 subkey for 'Server', as outlined in KB245030. albeit users haven't taken the steps to disable SSLv2, the export-grade and 56-bit ciphers that build DROWN possible don't seem to be supported by default.
Network Security Services (NSS): NSS may be a common science library designed into several server merchandise. NSS versions three.13 (released back in 2012) and higher than ought to have SSLv2 disabled by default. (A little variety of users might have enabled SSLv2 manually and can got to take steps to disable it.) Users of older versions ought to upgrade to a more moderen version. we tend to still advocate checking whether or not your non-public secret is exposed elsewhere Other affected software and in operation systems:
Instructions and data for: Apache, Postfix, Nginx, Debian, Red Hat
Browsers and other consumers: practical nothing practical that net browsers or different client computer code will do to stop DROWN. only server operators ar ready to take action to guard against the attack.


NEW QUESTION # 447
......

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